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星期六, 一月 02, 2010

回顧2009的投資理財部落格google adsense收入

如果用線性迴歸的方式來觀察去年的google adsense收入，它呈現一個上升的趨勢，似乎和股市的快速反彈一樣。同時網路廣告的點擊單價也有穩定回升，這和2008年的下跌趨勢正好相反，這似乎是個有趣的現象。

隨著部落格退燒，臉書與twitter興起，每天部落格的網頁曝光次數有些明顯下降。網頁曝光次數，今年是個大失敗，平均每天網頁曝光次數下降了27%，這是比較能操之在我的部分，卻是個大挫折，即使怪罪臉書facebook，也還不足以解釋全部的失敗，今年的書寫方向可能太不吸引人了，在funp之類的書籤網站，也都缺乏推友支持，不知道該不該放棄頁面上的推薦按鈕。也可能是書寫的質量不夠好。也許該試試減少頻率但更長篇的論述。

2009年adsense收入最好的一天是2009/6/25，這天寫的題目是《失業率是經濟成長的同時指標》，算是比較技術性的文章，當時認為投資股市是比較低風險的時候，雖然這篇文章沒有很煽動的文字，大體上算是寫得四平八穩，且引用政府公佈的失業率數字來論述，寫得算是不錯，值得這份當天廣告收入最高獎。不過也可能單純只是當天廣告商預算較高而已，和文章內容無關。

2009年Adsense收入比起2008年下降了40%，大杯星巴克咖啡變成了小杯85度c咖啡。平均單次點擊的價格則是增加了22%。我想我2010年的關鍵目標就在如何增加網頁的瀏覽次數，如何擦亮這個部落格過去累積文章的可閱讀性與可及性，我相信不是沒有文章可讀，而是不容易找到想讀的文章，分類與標籤是個重要的新任務。單頁的點擊率也下降了34%，顯示忽視廣告的人，或是習慣了網站的格式，已經會自動盲視忽略廣告文字了，也許需要改變顏色格式。

posted by pjhuang at 5:00 上午 0 comments links to this post

星期五, 一月 02, 2009

2008年Google Adsense收入回顧

整理一下2007年與2008年Google Adsense收入的比較，網頁總展示次數成長了6.7%，謹有微幅成長，不過在部落格漫天飛舞的情況下，還算差強人意的結果。總點擊次數則是下降了22.3%，這可能和一整年都沒有更換過版型有關，也可能是重複到訪的網友增加，卻沒有足夠的新鮮廣告可以輪播有關。


Adwords文字廣告如果欠缺變化，則很難打動讀者的心，必須依賴廣告主主動調整他的文字，否則只是不斷浪費展示次數，卻沒有提供讀者他有興趣的廣告。自然也降低了總點擊次數。這意味著網頁點擊率的大幅下降，網頁點擊率較2007年下降了27%，也有可能是這段時間裏，減少首頁的廣告數量所造成，可能考慮再增加首頁的廣告數量。ECPM平均每千次展示預估收入則是下降了驚人的46.7%，這意味擔位點擊的預估收益2008比2007下降了31.4%。

最有可能的原因還是大量增加的Adsense出版者分食大餅，單價高的廣告可能在很短的時間內就被流量大的出版者搶光當天的廣告預算。而我自己的流量發展策略顯然沒有產生足夠的效果。在網路上讀到高手黃紹麟的網站外銷成功經驗，也許2009年應該改個方向來發展Adsense出版者收入，若有了這種收入，也許更能支持原有的計畫與行動。

不過我的ECPM還算不錯，最大的問題，其實還是在於如何大量增加流量，若能增加5倍到10倍的流量，不見得會比網站外銷來的差太多，可惜沒太多增加流量的點子。

posted by pjhuang at 8:08 上午 0 comments links to this post

星期二, 一月 08, 2008

2008 Google Adsense停止推薦獎金

今天在Inside Adsense部落格看到這個悲慘的消息，要Google Adsense停止推薦獎金，也就是推薦別人參加Adsense，在也不會為你帶來獎勵了，這個推薦獎金制度只有美國、拉丁美洲與日本地區保留舊制，其他地區，包含繁體中文的區域都將停止了。

2008年的第一個Google Adsense驚訝居然是官方停止現有的推薦獎勵制度，一句官方的說法就是該制度的成效不及預期的成效，雖然以我自己的例子不準，我只領過一次Google Adsense的推薦獎金，而且這個網友是很明確地問我如何加入Google Adsense，他原本就有個很成熟的網站，所以一加入，很快就達到門檻，我也就領到這筆意外的獎金。

很可能在停用推薦獎金制度的區域，新增的成熟網站已經很少了，所以新增帳戶的效果不及所發出的獎金，所以必須停止此計劃，不過這也表示Google Adsense越來越重視短期或單季的盈餘，所以停止這種短期肯定失血，長期可能有利可圖的推薦制度。

看來Simon的Adsense繁體中文觀測站將會受到最大影響，過去他在Adsense推薦獎金上的收入應該是是公佈者中最高的。

posted by pjhuang at 4:50 下午 0 comments links to this post

星期二, 一月 01, 2008

Google Adsense 2007 回顧

比照理財規劃的回顧，也來整理一下2007年的Google Adsense紀錄，2007年是繁體中文網路的Google Adsense元年，Google Adsense大約在2006年10月開始測試繁體中文版，原本參加只出現在英文網頁的Google Adsense，就開始大量出現測試的繁體中文廣告，2006年11月收到第一張Google支票，直到2006年12月11日Google Adsense正式推出繁體中文版。


相較於自行招募廣告收入與網路推薦銷售廣告收入，2007年的Google Adsense的收入是2006年其他非Google Adsense各類廣告收入的42倍，看起來很好，只是因為自願來刊登廣告的人很少。2007年最後一天的eCPM是2007年第一天的29%，雖然流量增加13.8%，網頁點擊率只減少1%，收入變成原本的33%。其實頗令人洩氣，雖然每月都領得到支票，還是達不到台灣的最低薪資水平。

最有可能就是Google Adsense將付給出版者的比例調降了，他們稱之為智慧調整(Smart Pricing)，意思是可以讓廣告主少付些錢給沒有廣告效果的出版網站，這對出版者當然是種汙辱，意思是我的內容所吸引到的讀者比其他的網站來的沒價值，這對定位明確的網站的確是種汙辱，因為網站經營的目標族群明確清楚時，對廣告主的價值不該有如此劇烈的浮動。

另一種可能就是Google Adwords的廣告主變聰明了，不再付出高價搶排名最高的廣告曝光位置，由於競標不再激烈，所以單價不斷下滑。還有一種可能性，就是參與的Google Adsense出版者大增，為了平均分配價格最好的高價廣告，所以最好的廣告出現的比率變低了，由於太多人分食這塊大餅，當網站流量增加趕不上整體參與Google Adsense出版者的總流量增加，於是分到的價格最好的廣告比率減少。

去年對2007 Google Adsense的五個預測，只有第三項，不確定是否有出版者達成，其他項目都如我所料的發生，台灣網路界在2007年的確是比之前來的更多新站冒出頭，如後來居上的funP，都大量使用Google Adsense作為替代性的廣告來源，顯然他們有自行在招募首頁廣告，不過內頁就使用很多Google Adsense廣告。

posted by pjhuang at 4:29 下午 0 comments links to this post

星期四, 七月 12, 2007

Google Adsense收入下降如何處理

從今年開始的Google Adsense繁體中文版，讓台灣許多中文網站增加了不少收入，不過時序進入了7月，前半年的收入卻在七月有了明顯的下降，我猜有幾種可能性的原因，一是Google Adsense的配對機制也許有了問題，讓出現的廣告對讀者沒有吸引力，二是Google Adsense設計的智慧價格調整程式(Smart Price)發生了作用，三是廣告商調低了他的出價與廣告預算。四是瀏覽的網友因為習慣或是季節因素對廣告失去興趣。

其中廣告商調低了他的出價與廣告預算這一項，是網站主無法自己控制的，就像市場會有漲跌，景氣會有循環，我們很難克服這一點，不過到底Google Adsense收入減少時的原因是否來自這個原因，則是很判斷。可能可以同時用Google Adwords下跟自己網站相關的關鍵字廣告，來觀察最低競標金額是否有下降趨勢，不過對最高競標金額，則沒有方式猜測。有無足夠的廣告存量可以播出，則可以觀察是否有很多公益廣告出現來判斷。

配對機制則比較難判斷，因為重複出現相同的廣告好，還是不斷變動好，很難決定，但是常常使用Google Adsense Preview Tool來看可能出現在各頁的廣告，可以自己判斷是否出現很離譜的廣告搭配。如果不良時，可以使用GOOGLE的文章區段標示功能，在原始文章中標示最重要的文字段落，讓Google Adsense廣告盡可能與文章相關。新增針對專題的專門網頁，也能有較佳的廣告搭配。

瀏覽網友養成視覺習慣，會減少閱讀廣告的機率，進而減少廣告收入，所以定時例如一季調整一下配色或是廣告位置，也能產生新鮮感，關鍵還在使用頻道功能，確認各個位置的廣告收入貢獻，以及調整顏色與配置是否產生效果，基本上這個項目也很難判定，可以參考過去的歷史點擊率來判斷，Google Adsense的論壇曾提過10%的點擊率是可能達到的，位置顏色與大小很值得研究。

最後這個智慧價格調整程式(Smart Price)更難處理，他的意思是說你所帶進的閱讀者，不是廣告商最想要的，被廣告者沒有和廣告商達成廣告商想要的目的，如果廣告商是網路交易平台，可能是沒有產生足夠的新帳戶，或是沒有足夠的新交易。除了減少廣告數，讓廣告更不明顯，以篩選掉不是真的很有興趣的閱讀者。我認為唯一可能有效的方式，就是調整內容的撰寫方向，讓被吸引進入網站的新讀者都是屬於廣告商想要的客戶，這也意味要更注意是哪些人在下廣告，他們可能的目標客戶是哪些，你是否寫了能吸引這些目標客戶的文章，讓她們在搜尋目的的途徑上會注意到你的網站與文章，進而選擇了最後交易的對象。不過這可能會影響網站原本設立的目標，如果為了廣告收入而調整太大的方向，則很難說服網站主去做這些事。不過也許可以考慮設立分站或分區，來提升該分區內的智慧價格調整(Smart Price)效益。

posted by pjhuang at 5:02 下午 1 comments links to this post

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Build Date Aug 5 2026 00:00:00
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docref_rootno valueno value
enable_dlOffOff
enable_post_data_readingOnOn
error_append_stringno valueno value
error_logerror_logerror_log
error_log_mode06440644
error_prepend_stringno valueno value
error_reporting3275932759
expose_phpOffOff
extension_dir/opt/cpanel/ea-php83/root/usr/lib64/php/modules/opt/cpanel/ea-php83/root/usr/lib64/php/modules
fiber.stack_sizeno valueno value
file_uploadsOnOn
hard_timeout22
highlight.comment#FF8000#FF8000
highlight.default#0000BB#0000BB
highlight.html#000000#000000
highlight.keyword#007700#007700
highlight.string#DD0000#DD0000
html_errorsOnOn
ignore_repeated_errorsOffOff
ignore_repeated_sourceOffOff
ignore_user_abortOffOff
implicit_flushOffOff
include_path.:/opt/cpanel/ea-php83/root/usr/share/pear.:/opt/cpanel/ea-php83/root/usr/share/pear
input_encodingno valueno value
internal_encodingno valueno value
log_errorsOnOn
mail.add_x_headerOnOn
mail.force_extra_parametersno valueno value
mail.logno valueno value
mail.mixed_lf_and_crlfOffOff
max_execution_time3030
max_file_uploads2020
max_input_nesting_level6464
max_input_time6060
max_input_vars10001000
max_multipart_body_parts-1-1
memory_limit128M128M
open_basedirno valueno value
output_bufferingno valueno value
output_encodingno valueno value
output_handlerno valueno value
post_max_size8M8M
precision1414
realpath_cache_size4096K4096K
realpath_cache_ttl120120
register_argc_argvOnOn
report_memleaksOnOn
report_zend_debugOffOff
request_orderGPGP
sendmail_fromno valueno value
sendmail_path/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
serialize_precision100100
short_open_tagOnOn
SMTPlocalhostlocalhost
smtp_port2525
sys_temp_dirno valueno value
syslog.facilityLOG_USERLOG_USER
syslog.filterno-ctrlno-ctrl
syslog.identphpphp
unserialize_callback_funcno valueno value
upload_max_filesize2M2M
upload_tmp_dirno valueno value
user_dirno valueno value
user_ini.cache_ttl300300
user_ini.filename.user.ini.user.ini
variables_orderGPCSGPCS
xmlrpc_error_number00
xmlrpc_errorsOffOff
zend.assertions-1-1
zend.detect_unicodeOnOn
zend.enable_gcOnOn
zend.exception_ignore_argsOffOff
zend.exception_string_param_max_len1515
zend.max_allowed_stack_size00
zend.multibyteOffOff
zend.reserved_stack_size00
zend.script_encodingno valueno value
zend.signal_checkOffOff

ctype

ctype functions enabled

date

date/time support enabled
timelib version 2022.14
"Olson" Timezone Database Version 0.system
Timezone Database internal
Default timezone UTC
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
date.default_latitude31.766731.7667
date.default_longitude35.233335.2333
date.sunrise_zenith90.83333390.833333
date.sunset_zenith90.83333390.833333
date.timezoneUTCUTC

dom

DOM/XML enabled
DOM/XML API Version 20031129
libxml Version 2.9.13
HTML Support enabled
XPath Support enabled
XPointer Support enabled
Schema Support enabled
RelaxNG Support enabled

filter

Input Validation and Filtering enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
filter.defaultunsafe_rawunsafe_raw
filter.default_flagsno valueno value

ftp

FTP support enabled
FTPS support enabled

hash

hash support enabled
Hashing Engines md2 md4 md5 sha1 sha224 sha256 sha384 sha512/224 sha512/256 sha512 sha3-224 sha3-256 sha3-384 sha3-512 ripemd128 ripemd160 ripemd256 ripemd320 whirlpool tiger128,3 tiger160,3 tiger192,3 tiger128,4 tiger160,4 tiger192,4 snefru snefru256 gost gost-crypto adler32 crc32 crc32b crc32c fnv132 fnv1a32 fnv164 fnv1a64 joaat murmur3a murmur3c murmur3f xxh32 xxh64 xxh3 xxh128 haval128,3 haval160,3 haval192,3 haval224,3 haval256,3 haval128,4 haval160,4 haval192,4 haval224,4 haval256,4 haval128,5 haval160,5 haval192,5 haval224,5 haval256,5
MHASH support Enabled
MHASH API Version Emulated Support

i360

i360 paramValue
i360 state activated
i360 mode kill
i360 blamer true
i360 jit compatibility mode enabled
i360 zend observer mode not built on PHP 8.2/8.3 (engine map_ptr CE-cache collision, DEF-49027); the use_zend_observer setting is ignored and the legacy execute hook is used
i360 path to log data sock:/opt/imunify360/lib/proactive.sock
i360 log type 2
i360 send on shtdwn 0
i360 report on kill 0
i360 build for 8.3.32
i360 signs 260422
i360 signs path /usr/share/i360-php-opts/sigs/8.6/.rules.v2
i360 pkg ver 8.6.2
i360 hdb ver 1787093712
i360 hdb entries 17821

json

json support enabled

libxml

libXML support active
libXML Compiled Version 2.9.13
libXML Loaded Version 20913
libXML streams enabled

openssl

OpenSSL support enabled
OpenSSL Library Version OpenSSL 3.5.5 27 Jan 2026
OpenSSL Header Version OpenSSL 3.5.5 27 Jan 2026
Openssl default config /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
openssl.cafileno valueno value
openssl.capathno valueno value

pcntl

pcntl support enabled

pcre

PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) Support enabled
PCRE Library Version 10.42 2022-12-12
PCRE Unicode Version 14.0.0
PCRE JIT Support enabled
PCRE JIT Target x86 64bit (little endian + unaligned)
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
pcre.backtrack_limit10000001000000
pcre.jitOnOn
pcre.recursion_limit100000100000

Phar

Phar: PHP Archive support enabled
Phar API version 1.1.1
Phar-based phar archives enabled
Tar-based phar archives enabled
ZIP-based phar archives enabled
gzip compression enabled
bzip2 compression disabled (install ext/bz2)
Native OpenSSL support enabled
Phar based on pear/PHP_Archive, original concept by Davey Shafik.
Phar fully realized by Gregory Beaver and Marcus Boerger.
Portions of tar implementation Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Tim Kientzle.
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
phar.cache_listno valueno value
phar.readonlyOnOn
phar.require_hashOnOn

posix

POSIX support enabled

random

Version 8.3.33

readline

Readline Support enabled
Readline library EditLine wrapper
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
cli.pagerno valueno value
cli.prompt\b \> \b \>

Reflection

Reflection enabled

session

Session Support enabled
Registered save handlers files user
Registered serializer handlers php_serialize php php_binary
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
session.auto_startOffOff
session.cache_expire180180
session.cache_limiternocachenocache
session.cookie_domainno valueno value
session.cookie_httponlyOffOff
session.cookie_lifetime00
session.cookie_path//
session.cookie_samesiteno valueno value
session.cookie_secureOffOff
session.gc_divisor00
session.gc_maxlifetime14401440
session.gc_probability00
session.lazy_writeOnOn
session.namePHPSESSIDPHPSESSID
session.referer_checkno valueno value
session.save_handlerfilesfiles
session.save_path/var/cpanel/php/sessions/ea-php83/var/cpanel/php/sessions/ea-php83
session.serialize_handlerphpphp
session.sid_bits_per_character44
session.sid_length3232
session.upload_progress.cleanupOnOn
session.upload_progress.enabledOnOn
session.upload_progress.freq1%1%
session.upload_progress.min_freq11
session.upload_progress.namePHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESSPHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS
session.upload_progress.prefixupload_progress_upload_progress_
session.use_cookiesOnOn
session.use_only_cookiesOnOn
session.use_strict_modeOffOff
session.use_trans_sidOffOff

SimpleXML

SimpleXML support enabled
Schema support enabled

SPL

SPL support enabled
Interfaces OuterIterator, RecursiveIterator, SeekableIterator, SplObserver, SplSubject
Classes AppendIterator, ArrayIterator, ArrayObject, BadFunctionCallException, BadMethodCallException, CachingIterator, CallbackFilterIterator, DirectoryIterator, DomainException, EmptyIterator, FilesystemIterator, FilterIterator, GlobIterator, InfiniteIterator, InvalidArgumentException, IteratorIterator, LengthException, LimitIterator, LogicException, MultipleIterator, NoRewindIterator, OutOfBoundsException, OutOfRangeException, OverflowException, ParentIterator, RangeException, RecursiveArrayIterator, RecursiveCachingIterator, RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator, RecursiveDirectoryIterator, RecursiveFilterIterator, RecursiveIteratorIterator, RecursiveRegexIterator, RecursiveTreeIterator, RegexIterator, RuntimeException, SplDoublyLinkedList, SplFileInfo, SplFileObject, SplFixedArray, SplHeap, SplMinHeap, SplMaxHeap, SplObjectStorage, SplPriorityQueue, SplQueue, SplStack, SplTempFileObject, UnderflowException, UnexpectedValueException

standard

Dynamic Library Support enabled
Path to sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
assert.activeOnOn
assert.bailOffOff
assert.callbackno valueno value
assert.exceptionOnOn
assert.warningOnOn
auto_detect_line_endingsOffOff
default_socket_timeout6060
fromno valueno value
session.trans_sid_hostsno valueno value
session.trans_sid_tagsa=href,area=href,frame=src,form=a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=
unserialize_max_depth40964096
url_rewriter.hostsno valueno value
url_rewriter.tagsa=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentrya=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry
user_agentno valueno value

tokenizer

Tokenizer Support enabled

xml

XML Support active
XML Namespace Support active
libxml2 Version 2.9.13

xmlreader

XMLReader enabled

xmlwriter

XMLWriter enabled

xsl

XSL enabled
libxslt Version 1.1.34
libxslt compiled against libxml Version 2.9.13
EXSLT enabled
libexslt Version 1.1.34

zlib

ZLib Support enabled
Stream Wrapper compress.zlib://
Stream Filter zlib.inflate, zlib.deflate
Compiled Version 1.2.11
Linked Version 1.2.11
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
zlib.output_compressionOffOff
zlib.output_compression_level-1-1
zlib.output_handlerno valueno value

Additional Modules

Module Name

Environment

VariableValue
PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
TZ Asia/Taipei

PHP Variables

VariableValue
$_SERVER['PATH']/usr/local/jdk/bin:/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/root/bin:/opt/bin
$_SERVER['TZ']Asia/Taipei
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']/phpinfo.php
$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']/phpinfo.php
$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']no value
$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']GET
$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']HTTP/1.1
$_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE']CGI/1.1
$_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT']48948
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']/home/pjhuang/public_html/phpinfo.php
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN']webmaster@pjhuang.net
$_SERVER['CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT']/home/pjhuang/public_html
$_SERVER['CONTEXT_PREFIX']no value
$_SERVER['REQUEST_SCHEME']http
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']/home/pjhuang/public_html
$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']216.73.216.186
$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']80
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']108.181.3.119
$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']www.pjhuang.net
$_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']Apache
$_SERVER['SERVER_SIGNATURE']no value
$_SERVER['HTTP_CONNECTION']close
$_SERVER['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL']max-age=259200
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']10.1.82.6
$_SERVER['HTTP_VIA']1.1 squid-proxy-5b96dc6d46-fnvkm (squid/6.13)
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']www.pjhuang.net
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']gzip, br, zstd, deflate
$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT']*/*
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_URI']http://www.pjhuang.net/phpinfo.php
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_URL']/phpinfo.php
$_SERVER['UNIQUE_ID']aoTxPWpqWlLhiulfI6PVbgAAARQ
$_SERVER['FCGI_ROLE']RESPONDER
$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']/phpinfo.php
$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT']1787097406.0652
$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']1787097406
$_SERVER['argv']
Array
(
)
$_SERVER['argc']0

PHP Credits

PHP Group
Thies C. Arntzen, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Sam Ruby, Sascha Schumann, Zeev Suraski, Jim Winstead, Andrei Zmievski
Language Design & Concept
Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Marcus Boerger
PHP Authors
ContributionAuthors
Zend Scripting Language Engine Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Marcus Boerger, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui, Nikita Popov
Extension Module API Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Andrei Zmievski
UNIX Build and Modularization Stig Bakken, Sascha Schumann, Jani Taskinen, Peter Kokot
Windows Support Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski, Wez Furlong, Pierre-Alain Joye, Anatol Belski, Kalle Sommer Nielsen
Server API (SAPI) Abstraction Layer Andi Gutmans, Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski
Streams Abstraction Layer Wez Furlong, Sara Golemon
PHP Data Objects Layer Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
Output Handler Zeev Suraski, Thies C. Arntzen, Marcus Boerger, Michael Wallner
Consistent 64 bit support Anthony Ferrara, Anatol Belski
SAPI Modules
ContributionAuthors
Apache 2.0 Handler Ian Holsman, Justin Erenkrantz (based on Apache 2.0 Filter code)
CGI / FastCGI Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
CLI Edin Kadribasic, Marcus Boerger, Johannes Schlueter, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Xinchen Hui
Embed Edin Kadribasic
FastCGI Process Manager Andrei Nigmatulin, dreamcat4, Antony Dovgal, Jerome Loyet
litespeed George Wang
phpdbg Felipe Pena, Joe Watkins, Bob Weinand
Module Authors
ModuleAuthors
BC Math Andi Gutmans
Bzip2 Sterling Hughes
Calendar Shane Caraveo, Colin Viebrock, Hartmut Holzgraefe, Wez Furlong
COM and .Net Wez Furlong
ctype Hartmut Holzgraefe
cURL Sterling Hughes
Date/Time Support Derick Rethans
DB-LIB (MS SQL, Sybase) Wez Furlong, Frank M. Kromann, Adam Baratz
DBA Sascha Schumann, Marcus Boerger
DOM Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger
enchant Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
EXIF Rasmus Lerdorf, Marcus Boerger
FFI Dmitry Stogov
fileinfo Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre Alain Joye, Scott MacVicar, Derick Rethans, Anatol Belski
Firebird driver for PDO Ard Biesheuvel
FTP Stefan Esser, Andrew Skalski
GD imaging Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Jim Winstead, Jouni Ahto, Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre-Alain Joye, Marcus Boerger, Mark Randall
GetText Alex Plotnick
GNU GMP support Stanislav Malyshev
Iconv Rui Hirokawa, Stig Bakken, Moriyoshi Koizumi
IMAP Rex Logan, Mark Musone, Brian Wang, Kaj-Michael Lang, Antoni Pamies Olive, Rasmus Lerdorf, Andrew Skalski, Chuck Hagenbuch, Daniel R Kalowsky
Input Filter Rasmus Lerdorf, Derick Rethans, Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
Internationalization Ed Batutis, Vladimir Iordanov, Dmitry Lakhtyuk, Stanislav Malyshev, Vadim Savchuk, Kirti Velankar
JSON Jakub Zelenka, Omar Kilani, Scott MacVicar
LDAP Amitay Isaacs, Eric Warnke, Rasmus Lerdorf, Gerrit Thomson, Stig Venaas
LIBXML Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger, Wez Furlong, Shane Caraveo
Multibyte String Functions Tsukada Takuya, Rui Hirokawa
MySQL driver for PDO George Schlossnagle, Wez Furlong, Ilia Alshanetsky, Johannes Schlueter
MySQLi Zak Greant, Georg Richter, Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel
MySQLnd Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel, Georg Richter, Johannes Schlüter
OCI8 Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Andy Sautins, David Benson, Maxim Maletsky, Harald Radi, Antony Dovgal, Andi Gutmans, Wez Furlong, Christopher Jones, Oracle Corporation
ODBC driver for PDO Wez Furlong
ODBC Stig Bakken, Andreas Karajannis, Frank M. Kromann, Daniel R. Kalowsky
Opcache Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui
OpenSSL Stig Venaas, Wez Furlong, Sascha Kettler, Scott MacVicar, Eliot Lear
Oracle (OCI) driver for PDO Wez Furlong
pcntl Jason Greene, Arnaud Le Blanc
Perl Compatible Regexps Andrei Zmievski
PHP Archive Gregory Beaver, Marcus Boerger
PHP Data Objects Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
PHP hash Sara Golemon, Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Esser, Michael Wallner, Scott MacVicar
Posix Kristian Koehntopp
PostgreSQL driver for PDO Edin Kadribasic, Ilia Alshanetsky
PostgreSQL Jouni Ahto, Zeev Suraski, Yasuo Ohgaki, Chris Kings-Lynne
Pspell Vlad Krupin
random Go Kudo, Tim Düsterhus, Guilliam Xavier, Christoph M. Becker, Jakub Zelenka, Bob Weinand, Máté Kocsis, and Original RNG implementators
Readline Thies C. Arntzen
Reflection Marcus Boerger, Timm Friebe, George Schlossnagle, Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
Sessions Sascha Schumann, Andrei Zmievski
Shared Memory Operations Slava Poliakov, Ilia Alshanetsky
SimpleXML Sterling Hughes, Marcus Boerger, Rob Richards
SNMP Rasmus Lerdorf, Harrie Hazewinkel, Mike Jackson, Steven Lawrance, Johann Hanne, Boris Lytochkin
SOAP Brad Lafountain, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
Sockets Chris Vandomelen, Sterling Hughes, Daniel Beulshausen, Jason Greene
Sodium Frank Denis
SPL Marcus Boerger, Etienne Kneuss
SQLite 3.x driver for PDO Wez Furlong
SQLite3 Scott MacVicar, Ilia Alshanetsky, Brad Dewar
System V Message based IPC Wez Furlong
System V Semaphores Tom May
System V Shared Memory Christian Cartus
tidy John Coggeshall, Ilia Alshanetsky
tokenizer Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
XML Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Sterling Hughes
XMLReader Rob Richards
XMLWriter Rob Richards, Pierre-Alain Joye
XSL Christian Stocker, Rob Richards
Zip Pierre-Alain Joye, Remi Collet
Zlib Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Roehrich, Zeev Suraski, Jade Nicoletti, Michael Wallner
PHP Documentation
Authors Mehdi Achour, Friedhelm Betz, Antony Dovgal, Nuno Lopes, Hannes Magnusson, Philip Olson, Georg Richter, Damien Seguy, Jakub Vrana, Adam Harvey
Editor Peter Cowburn
User Note Maintainers Daniel P. Brown, Thiago Henrique Pojda
Other Contributors Previously active authors, editors and other contributors are listed in the manual.
PHP Quality Assurance Team
Ilia Alshanetsky, Joerg Behrens, Antony Dovgal, Stefan Esser, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Magnus Maatta, Sebastian Nohn, Derick Rethans, Melvyn Sopacua, Pierre-Alain Joye, Dmitry Stogov, Felipe Pena, David Soria Parra, Stanislav Malyshev, Julien Pauli, Stephen Zarkos, Anatol Belski, Remi Collet, Ferenc Kovacs
Websites and Infrastructure team
PHP Websites Team Rasmus Lerdorf, Hannes Magnusson, Philip Olson, Lukas Kahwe Smith, Pierre-Alain Joye, Kalle Sommer Nielsen, Peter Cowburn, Adam Harvey, Ferenc Kovacs, Levi Morrison
Event Maintainers Damien Seguy, Daniel P. Brown
Network Infrastructure Daniel P. Brown
Windows Infrastructure Alex Schoenmaker

PHP License

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the PHP License as published by the PHP Group and included in the distribution in the file: LICENSE

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

If you did not receive a copy of the PHP license, or have any questions about PHP licensing, please contact license@php.net.